Faint positive at 9dpo -

 
Line Progression - After Ovidrel. March 11, 2024 | by Cosmo97. I took Ovidrel on 2/27 and had my IUI on 2/28. I decided to test out the trigger and got negative tests for a couple days. I saw vvvfl on 9&10 DP IUI, but my husband didn’t see anything. Then on 11DP IUI I got another faint positive.. Joannes el cajon

Trying for a baby. Very very faint positive line on clear blue. Trying for a baby. 5 dpo ... very faint positive. Trying for a baby. VERY VERY faint positive , but period aches. Trying for a baby. 9 dpo... bfn. Trying for a baby.On average, implantation takes place 9 days after ovulation/fertilization or 9dpo. It normally takes between 6-12 days ... The hCG can first be detected in the blood about 3-4 days after implantation, and this is when a positive blood test can confirm a pregnancy. The urine pregnancy test becomes positive 1-2 days later.Update: Took it today! I GOT A BFP!”. ‒ Megan. “16 DPO 1 day late… symptoms: nausea without vomiting, fatigue, headaches, backaches, food aversions, and very emotional. tests are coming back negative though. I also had some weird spotting just shy of 2 weeks before my period.”. ‒ Kalina.holmon · 08/07/2023 10:15. Hello 👋. I'm about 11 DPO, I took a First Response Early Result test at 9 and 10 DPO and both came back with a faint positive immediately. I've done a Clear Blue 6 days early test this morning and it came back 100% negative. First Response can get a bad rep for false positives and indent lines, wondering if this ...A faint line on a pregnancy test probably means that it's very early in your pregnancy. Even a faint positive pregnancy test indicates that you have some of the …A pregnancy test detects the presence of the hCG ‘pregnancy’ hormone. HCG is normally only present in your body if you are pregnant. Any positive line, no matter how faint, means your result is pregnant. Levels of hCG in your body will increase over the course of your pregnancy. If you test early, your hCG levels may be still be low and you ...May 3, 2020 · H. HJAx2. May 3, 2020 at 7:23 PM. An early positive pregnancy test doesn't necessarily mean twins. Its normal to feel tired, thirsty, hungry, and have cramping during pregnancy. Everyone handles pregnancy differently whether its a single or double pregnancy. Symptoms. Takeaway. Some people may be able to test positive for pregnancy at 12 days post ovulation (DPO). It’s also possible to experience early symptoms, such as breast tenderness. Ergin ...I tested today at 10dpo. I got very very faint positives on the fmu Amazon cheapies, a frer and Walmart tests, but negative on the afternoon first response. this is my rainbow baby after a miscarriage and a chemical and I shouldn't have tested yet but my anxiety said yes 🥲 can you please reassure me that these are positive and I'm not ...Report. Bookmark. MrsCOR · 17/04/2024 14:08. Fingers crossed for you!! I just realised you are 9/10dpo and I got my first faint on roughly 12dpo! Definitely wait a bit longer! Hopefully by then the line will be much darker ☺️. Thanks. Report.I’m 13 DPO and took a test this morning with an early response test. I got a positive!! With a faint line. Anyone else with a faint line at this stage that went on to have healthy pregnancies? My only other faint line positive test ended in a chemical pregnancy so I guess I’m just wondering if this is normal at this stage or if I should be ...Jun 2, 2020 · I got my bfp at 7-8 dpo. Positive digitals at 9dpo. been cramping and nauseous. I also had a very very small amount of implantation discharge.. I can't really call it bleeding. It was typical watery discharge but lightly pink tinted. Very faint positive 9dp5dt. h. Highheels23. Posted 05-03-14. I've changed my profile pic to the picture of the tests. I don't know how you add a picture to a post! It's my OTD today at 9dp5dt and I have a very very faint second line, but it is definitely there. I've used a FRER, a super drug 4 day early one and a cheap one from tesco and they ...Girl I HATE these tests. I tested at 9 dpo and they looked like they were getting lighter. I decided to use an LH test because I’ve read that if you think you’ve tested positive on a pregnancy test, then the LH test should be a STRONG positive. Once I saw my strong positive, I bought a FRER and I was so happy to see the darker lines.The clear blue digitalis aren't as sensitive. Mine was like yours, BFP on superdrug test at 9dpo, very slightly darker at 10dpo. A line is a line it will gradually get darker, 10 dpo is still very early. Was quite a few days after before a got a positive on digital clear blue. Congratulations xxx.mine were faint at 14 dpo. I don't see the doctor for a while and reminding myself that you can implant anywhere between 6 to 12 DPO so maybe I implanted on the …In Trying to Conceive. Currently at 13 dpo, and I’m pretty sure I ovulated on CD 12. Test negative at 10 dpo, but got faint positives on 12 and 13 dpo. Used 3 different brands of tests, and all were positive.Went in for blood work today, and hcg was at 4.Sep 9, 2015. #2. You may have implanted later, there could be less dye with those tests, your urine could be diluted, etc. Plenty of reasons to still have light lines at this stage. I don't think mine darkened until 13 DPO. Just keep testing and try a digital around your missed period day. Good luck and congrats!Reaction score. 1. Dec 29, 2011. #2. That IS pretty faint, but I wouldn't worry about it too much. There's one gal that got a faint line like that at 18 dpo about a month or two back. Plus it depends on if your O date was right, when …Messages. 458. Reaction score. 0. Jan 28, 2012. #1. Hey ladies. I took a test at 5dpo and got a faint positive, which i believed to be a faulty test as it was really early. Now at 7dpo, i took another test.You can absolutely get a positive pregnancy test at 18 DPO ‒ pregnancy tests are usually most accurate after about 14 DPO. ... Having said that, even a really faint line is a positive result, and many of our Peanut moms-to-be have said they didn’t get their BFP until 22 DPO!I am at 11 dpo and I got a faint positive on Wondfo at 10 dpo. My af is due on Monday so I am just hoping!! s. shellyldetwiler. Got my BFP at 8DPO. L. Lacykristin90.Hello all,I tested positive on 8DPO which was a vvv faint line, but i could see the clear line on 9DPO in the evening, but today when i took a test in the morning.. i …AF is due Sunday and I'll test again but I guess I would like to hear some thoughts on this and if anybody had a faint positive at 12 DPo and was still pregnant regardless. Thanks! Hi ladies, so I ...A person with schizophrenia not receiving treatment may experience hallucinations and delusions. Learn more about schizophrenia symptoms in this article. Schizophrenia is a chronic...Sometimes a UTI can mimic early pregnancy symptoms. Stress, changes in diet, and your exercise routine can also shift your cycle. If you still don’t have your BFP but Aunt Flo is MIA, it’s worth booking an appointment with your doctor for a blood test or maybe a 22 DPO ultrasound. An ultrasound at this stage can often detect pregnancy.It certainly sound like pregnancy symptoms to me. 1 & 2 dpo – no symptoms. 3, 4 & 5 dpo – tired, tender breasts, hungry. 6 dpo – lower back pain, hungry, tired, moody and impatient. 7 dpo – tired, lower back pain, cramp in leg, very moody and tearful. 8 dpo – bloated, v. tired, right leg cramp, cold symptoms, period pains.When we feel love and kindness toward others it not only makes others feel loved and cared for, it helps us al When we feel love and kindness toward others it not only makes others...Faint line 9dpo?? t. Ttc2023xxx. Last edited 26-07-23. Hi all just wondering would this Be counted as a faint positive i am 9dpo, appeared around one minute after taking the test and has been the same since yesterday please help! Thank you FIRST PIC TODAYS TEST SECOND PIC WAS YESTERDAYS. 0.I do see a faint line . this is how mine looked when I first found out I was pregnant. the line got darker in the evening for me then the mornings . it would show up better on these tests then the clear blues .Im 12 dpo and have an extremely faint line in the test window. Its barely visible in general, but if i hold it outside in the daylight wham! Its there clear as day :) we've been trying to conceive for 7 months, and im a POASaholic but have never seen a faint line uptill now. fingers crossed this is our sticky bean :) 7 dpo i noted in my ...I have had two successful pregnancies (along with a couple of CPs and early miscarriages) and both times I had a v faint line from around 9dpo which got darker over time. I used to use the 15 for £1.50 tests or something like that from ebay. Poundshop is similarly good, you can get a few for £1. Quote.I am at 11 dpo and I got a faint positive on Wondfo at 10 dpo. My af is due on Monday so I am just hoping!! s. shellyldetwiler. Got my BFP at 8DPO. L. Lacykristin90. @shosh09, This is mine today at what I think was 7dpo according to …Jan 2, 2023 · DPO, or days past ovulation, is a common pregnancy related acronym. It refers to the time after ovulation but before your next period starts. DPO is of interest to those who are trying to conceive because implantation can happen as soon as five or six days DPO and pregnancy tests can detect hCG in the urine as early as eight days DPO, though waiting until at least 14 DPO is recommended for ... You’re 9 days past ovulation (9 DPO), which happens to be the most likely day for implantation to occur. You may think that means that it’s time to take a pregnancy test, but the reality for most women is that this is too early to get a positive.21 dpo, indent or faint positive. My husband and I did the “deed” on August 10. I’m pretty sure I ovulated on the 14th or 15th. I had cramping on the 15th and 16th. That was my ovulation cramping. I have a very set and regular cycle. It’s 32 days long and lasts 6 days. I was supposed to start August 29th.Some people may be able to test positive for pregnancy at 12 days post ovulation (DPO). It’s also possible to experience early symptoms, such as breast …Symptoms. Takeaway. Some people may be able to test positive for pregnancy at 12 days post ovulation (DPO). It’s also possible to experience early symptoms, such as breast tenderness. Ergin ...Changes to the breasts. A rise in body temperature. Fatigue. Cold and flu-type symptoms. Increased urination. Nausea. Mild cramping at 8 DPO. Sensitivity to smells. Cramps around your uterus ( Whilst having cramps at 8DPO may feel discouraging- cramping at 8 DPO may be a sign that implantation has successfully occurred!holmon · 08/07/2023 10:15. Hello 👋. I'm about 11 DPO, I took a First Response Early Result test at 9 and 10 DPO and both came back with a faint positive immediately. I've done a Clear Blue 6 days early test this morning and it came back 100% negative. First Response can get a bad rep for false positives and indent lines, wondering if this ...Jun 20, 2023 at 6:36 AM. yes I have found easy at home is a bit darker than FRER in the early early days. I had a positive easy at home at 9 dpo. But that doesn’t mean it’s possible for any pregnant woman to have it show that early. 9 dpo is actually the most common day to implant and tests don’t show until about 2 days after implantation!10 DPO morning vs afternoon. s. sps2023. Apr 30, 2024 at 4:28 PM. HCG beta (drawn first thing this am) was 8, which seems quite low. Anyone have that low of a …Jan 2, 2023 · DPO, or days past ovulation, is a common pregnancy related acronym. It refers to the time after ovulation but before your next period starts. DPO is of interest to those who are trying to conceive because implantation can happen as soon as five or six days DPO and pregnancy tests can detect hCG in the urine as early as eight days DPO, though waiting until at least 14 DPO is recommended for ... Reaction score. 1. Dec 29, 2011. #2. That IS pretty faint, but I wouldn't worry about it too much. There's one gal that got a faint line like that at 18 dpo about a month or two back. Plus it depends on if your O date was right, when implantation occured, etc. Looks good to me!If you notice abdominal cramping or backache at 11 DPO, it can feel like your period is coming. These are pretty common symptoms before your period starts. However, cramps are also common in early pregnancy after implantation. As your progesterone levels spike, the walls of your uterus can relax, which can lead to aches.very faint bfp at 9dpo - update 10dpo. Hi girls i tested this morning with asda and got a 2nd line (very excited as never had one and have been ttc for 5 months) then tested about an hour ago with superdrug & FR and got very faint 2nd line on both. I tested with ov sticks yesterday as was convinced i hadnt ovulated when FF said i had.Jun 20, 2023 at 6:36 AM. yes I have found easy at home is a bit darker than FRER in the early early days. I had a positive easy at home at 9 dpo. But that doesn’t mean it’s possible for any pregnant woman to have it show that early. 9 dpo is actually the most common day to implant and tests don’t show until about 2 days after implantation!I have had two successful pregnancies (along with a couple of CPs and early miscarriages) and both times I had a v faint line from around 9dpo which got darker over time. I used to use the 15 for £1.50 tests or something like that from ebay. Poundshop is similarly good, you can get a few for £1. Quote.For me I had IB 6 and 7 DPO, tested BFN on 8,9 and 10 DPO. Finally a BFP 11 DPO! So 5 mornings after IB started or 4 after it stopped! See all replies (1) ... Hey for me 7 dpo spotting and then 9 dpo faint positive at …Reaction score. 0. Feb 26, 2012. #1. So I am 11 DPO as of today, I took a test yesterday and it was negative as can be.. this morning I did a dollar store test with FMU and thought I saw a line which disappeared and turned into a pretty bad and obvious evap line. So then I went to the store and got a FR test, took it, not even with FMU and I ...I do see a faint line . this is how mine looked when I first found out I was pregnant. the line got darker in the evening for me then the mornings . it would show up better on these tests then the clear blues .2. Jenskj08. Posted 07-31-09. FRER don't get evaps...they are very accurate. If you saw a faint pink line chances are you're pregnant. Wait a few more days and test with FMU - it should get darker ...It can be tempting to do a test around 10 DPO just to see if you get a positive result. However, if you take a pregnancy test before the first day of your missed period, you risk your hCG levels not being high enough to be detected (aka a false-negative test result). So yes, it is possible to get a negative result at 10 DPO and still be pregnant.Maybe, but it could also be an indent. Test again in a couple of days. I do see a urine trap on the clearblue, but also possibly a faint line too. Definitely test again tomorrow. I think I see a hint of a shadow on the e@h and definitely see a faint line on the CB (as well as the urine trap). Definitely keep testing!!Here's everything you need to know about 9 DPO, how to make sure if you're pregnant or not, and what to do next.maybejustonemore. Aug 17, 2014 at 4:47 PM. I'm sorry to tell you all but that is just run of from the negative line. If you want to know it it's an actual positive edit your photo with a negative flip if a second line appears than it's safe to say you are pregnant. I apologise if this seems rude I do not me it to in anyway I just know what it's ...A new survey finds CEOs remain optimistic that their businesses will improve soon despite the pandemic closings nationwide. Most CEOs maintain a positive and optimistic outlook abo...Position limit refers to the ceiling placed on the number of contracts on a single security which may be held by an individual or cooperative group. Position limit refers to the ce...Hello Nikki, I can definitely see a faint line in your test this morning. But at 13 DPO i would expect the line to deeper than that. That would be typical of a very early BFP around 8-9 DPO. So it may be that you ovulated later than you thought. FC it’s the start of …Three Positive Signs for the Market and One Big One That Gives Us Pause As we wrap up another week of trading, let's take a close look at the charts of the major equity indexes, ke...If you’re trying to conceive, it’s natural to be eager for any signs that indicate a positive outcome. One milestone that many women look out for is 9 DPO, or “days past …very faint bfp at 9dpo - update 10dpo. Hi girls i tested this morning with asda and got a 2nd line (very excited as never had one and have been ttc for 5 months) then tested about an hour ago with superdrug & FR and got very faint 2nd line on both. I tested with ov sticks yesterday as was convinced i hadnt ovulated when FF said i had.16 DPO: What to expect. If you’re curious what DPO or “days past ovulation” means, know that it’s simply that 16 days ago, one of your ovaries released an egg in order for it to be fertilized by a sperm. To understand why this is important, it can be helpful to break down your cycle into two stages:. The follicular phase: The first part of your cycle is …A new survey from Lemon.io reveals that companies hiring freelance developers instead of an in-house dedicated employee are seeing positive results. Are you facing a dilemma – to h...It certainly sound like pregnancy symptoms to me. 1 & 2 dpo – no symptoms. 3, 4 & 5 dpo – tired, tender breasts, hungry. 6 dpo – lower back pain, hungry, tired, moody and impatient. 7 dpo – tired, lower back pain, cramp in leg, very moody and tearful. 8 dpo – bloated, v. tired, right leg cramp, cold symptoms, period pains.Gobletoffire · 29/01/2019 12:07. I can see a faint line on that I think. 9 DPO is still very early so only time will tell. I agree with PPs, do an early response test rather than a rapid response because it’ll probs be more sensitive. Good luck, fingers crossed for …Hello all,I tested positive on 8DPO which was a vvv faint line, but i could see the clear line on 9DPO in the evening, but today when i took a test in the morning.. i …Jun 2, 2020 · I got my bfp at 7-8 dpo. Positive digitals at 9dpo. been cramping and nauseous. I also had a very very small amount of implantation discharge.. I can't really call it bleeding. It was typical watery discharge but lightly pink tinted. 8-9 DPO faint positive. redheadmom. Jun 25, 2019 8:49PM in Trying to conceive. I know I am way too early to test and I've read everyone's question just like this, but here I am. I had a miscarriage at 8 weeks in March. I have an 8 year old boy. I got remarried in January. We conceived on our honeymoon.If you experience implantation bleeding, it is a positive sign that implantation has occurred. Implantation is where the fertilized egg implants onto the lining of the uterus. Implantation typically occurs between 6 and 12 DPO- most commonly at around 10 DPO. Another symptom that often comes with implantation is mild cramping.Jun 20, 2023 at 6:36 AM. yes I have found easy at home is a bit darker than FRER in the early early days. I had a positive easy at home at 9 dpo. But that doesn’t mean it’s possible for any pregnant woman to have it show that early. 9 dpo is actually the most common day to implant and tests don’t show until about 2 days after implantation!It still looks lighter than the control line, so it's not quite positive. Looks close though. They're only positive if the test line is as dark as or darker than the control line, …If you want to achieve a major goal, conventional wisdom says to think positive. Picture yourself delivering the perfect presentation, and absorb the energy of the audience. Envisi...It is recommended that you wait until the day of your missed period (at least) to take a pregnancy test- which is approximately another week after 9 DPO. You can, however, still receive a 9 DPO positive pregnancy test result. Sometimes, implantation can occur at 9 DPO (or before), which means you can get a positive pregnancy test result.Sore breasts at 10 DPO. Changes to the breast can occur as early as 1 DPO during pregnancy. As hormone levels rise, blood flow and fluid retention do as well. And as your breast tissue reacts to these changes, you may begin to feel heavy, tender, or swollen. Your nipples may also change in size and colour as well as sensitivity.The TWW is stressful &exhausting. Has anyone else had an extremely faint positive at 10dpo and then negatives following? I had a chemical last month & I'm hoping that is not the case again. My chemical began on 5/18 last month (now 6/ 13) so I'm assuming AF due between 15-18 according to past cycles.Dec 23, 2023 at 10:48 AM. @nmackin, It is first response test, but it's the new version they make with a dark pink cap, vs the light pink one that had great sensitivity. I read on various forums that people complained they are less sensitive but when digital shows pregnant you expect it to show on first response.Positive visualization prepares you to achieve the best possible outcomes. We provide a script for coming up with a rich, effective visualization. If you can imagine it, you can ac...Light creamy CM. Sore breasts (unusual for me - usually get sensitive nipples and that’s it) 4dpo - very slight dip in BBT but still .3 above cover line. Sore breasts. 5dpo …Very faint positive or indent?? 4 replies. DesombreBomb · 17/04/2024 12:09. Never had any indents before. I’ve done other tests in the day with a slightly less …Angelsrose · 26/10/2023 12:11. I think 6dpo is too early to tell. I think even the most sensitive tests only pick up a positive at 8dpo. Although it's so hard, it can sometimes be better to wait until you miss a period to test again. Wishing you the very best.

H. HJAx2. May 3, 2020 at 7:23 PM. An early positive pregnancy test doesn't necessarily mean twins. Its normal to feel tired, thirsty, hungry, and have cramping during pregnancy. Everyone handles pregnancy differently whether its a single or double pregnancy.. Fargo subaru dealership

faint positive at 9dpo

I am 9dpo today. I tested for a pregnancy using a internet cheapie (easy@home from amazon) at 7dpo and I swear there was this second line but so faint that it could fool you. I really had to squint to notice it but it was there - like a thin faintest pink. Then I tested two times (morning and evening) at 8dpo using the same internet cheapies ...The only planets that have rings are Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune. Saturn has seven major rings with gaps and divisions between the rings; Jupiter has three faint rings; Ura...I am at 11 dpo and I got a faint positive on Wondfo at 10 dpo. My af is due on Monday so I am just hoping!! s. shellyldetwiler. Got my BFP at 8DPO. L. Lacykristin90. @shosh09, This is mine today at what I think was 7dpo according to …I feel like I am in shock, disbelief, excited yet hella nervous as I have a blocked left tube and hope it isn't going to end up as an ectopic. I'm officially 7dpo, as I tested low to positive with ICs starting from cd12-cd15 and I know how crappy ICs can be. Anyway I took this test tonight with probably a 4 hour hold.Yep I did. I was 8dpo and used a frer and a faint but not a squinter came up in the time. I did one late that evening and the same. 9dpo fmu stll a line so got 2 cb digi, didn't get a pos on that until 11dpo. Early scan has confirmed my dates and it was deffo 8dpo. Good luck x xSide effects of drinking decaffeinated tea include headache, dizziness, itching and feeling faint. Decaffeinated tea undergoes a chemical treatment process during production that e...UPDATED - 9dpo BFP - Faint positive 7dpo - negative 8dpo. b. BabyFathers2020. Last edited 22-10-20. My fiancé and I are 6 weeks from our wedding and have been TTC for several months, this is only my second cycle where I’ve ovulated since being off birth control. Last cycle we missed my most fertile days as I ovulated on day 13 (26 day cycle ...Jun 27, 2023 · Cramps. Cramps are another common symptom of pregnancy and can be experienced as early as 9 DPO. These are usually caused by implantation – when the fertilised egg tries to burrow itself into the uterus – and the cramps are usually very mild. Implantation may also cause implantation bleeding or spotting. 5. A new survey from Lemon.io reveals that companies hiring freelance developers instead of an in-house dedicated employee are seeing positive results. Are you facing a dilemma – to h...15 DPO: What to expect. 15 DPO — or days past ovulation — means that around two weeks ago, one of your ovaries released an egg to be potentially fertilized by a sperm. This is a pretty important time in your cycle if you’re trying to conceive. To understand why, it can be helpful to think of your cycle as two parts or phases.. The …Common symptoms you may experience at 9 dpo include: - Tender breasts. - Fatigue. - Abdominal cramps. - Nausea or vomiting (morning sickness) - PMS symptoms. If you're one of the lucky (or unlucky!) women who experience nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy (morning sickness), know that you're not alone.My line was super squinty faint at 12 DPO, by 17 DPO is was half as dark as the control. At 31 DPO when I miscarried, the line was just as dark as the control line and my HCG levels were 236 ... obviously WAY to low to be that far along. All of those lines were from a FRER. I took a Dollar tree test two days ago, I miscarried almost 2 weeks ago.1. Nov 2, 2018. #3. chattychar1990 said: I think i see a very faint line in the second photo. 9 dpo is still quite early so might be why the line isn't blazing. I hope the line gets darker as the days go on x. Thank you 😊 I wasn t going to test until at least 14dpo but I had what I thought might be implantation pains at 7 dpo and I seem to ...Currently 20 DPO - BFP on 17 DPO, but the lines are faint. m. momnomo. Posted 07-22-22. Had a chemical pregnancy last month on the 19th of June (the first day of the period as well), which ended on June 23rd. Restrained from testing till I missed my period and on 17 DPO I got a BFP on FRER & Easy Mom. Been testing every day, but …Jan 15, 2018 · Jan 15, 2018 at 3:02 PM. This website shows results from pregnant women testing at certain days past ovulation. At 8dpo 65% of pregnant women don’t even get a positive yet. So don’t worry! A line is a line if it’s pink! Like. L. LAG777. Jan 15, 2018 at 10:40 AM. Positive correlation describes a relationship in which changes in one variable are associated with the same kind of changes in another variable. Positive correlation describes a re...It still looks lighter than the control line, so it's not quite positive. Looks close though. They're only positive if the test line is as dark as or darker than the control line, …A new survey from Lemon.io reveals that companies hiring freelance developers instead of an in-house dedicated employee are seeing positive results. Are you facing a dilemma – to h...Sore breasts at 10 DPO. Changes to the breast can occur as early as 1 DPO during pregnancy. As hormone levels rise, blood flow and fluid retention do as well. And as your breast tissue reacts to these changes, you may begin to feel heavy, tender, or swollen. Your nipples may also change in size and colour as well as sensitivity.1. Nov 2, 2018. #3. chattychar1990 said: I think i see a very faint line in the second photo. 9 dpo is still quite early so might be why the line isn't blazing. I hope the line gets darker as the days go on x. Thank you 😊 I wasn t going to test until at least 14dpo but I had what I thought might be implantation pains at 7 dpo and I seem to ....

Popular Topics